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Posaconazole in paediatric malignancy and haematopoietic stem cell transplant: dosing to achieve therapeutic concentration
Heather Weerdenburg and others
Objectives Posaconazole is increasingly used for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children. We aimed to review evidence for paediatric posaconazole dosing regimens focusing on attainment of target concentrations and frequency of adverse effects. ...
Host stress hormone norepinephrine reduces in vitro activity of aminoglycoside against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales
Masato Inaba and Yohei Doi
Norepinephrine (NE), a host-derived stress-related hormone, is released from the sympathetic nervous system during acute threats, leading to increased serum levels. 1 Previous studies have identified NE as a new inter-kingdom signalling molecule, enhancing growth, pathogenicity and biofilm ...
Occurrence and characterization of rmtB-harbouring Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from a pig farm in the UK
Indre Navickaite and others
Objectives To characterize and elucidate the spread of amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from environmental samples on a pig farm in the UK, following the previous identification of index Salmonella isolates harbouring the rmtB gene, a 16S rRNA methylase. Methods Environmental samples ...
Ultra-rapid selection of the N74D capsid inhibitor resistance mutation after 3 weeks on lenacapavir
Marc Wirden and others
Lenacapavir is a very recent first-in-class capsid inhibitor approved for HIV-1 treatment. 1 It is a long-acting antiretroviral intended for dosing twice a year by subcutaneous injection. In combination with other antiretrovirals, lenacapavir is indicated in heavily treatment-experienced adults ...
Inappropriate prescribing contributes to high antibiotic exposure in young children in Australia
Stejara A Netea and others
Background Antibiotic exposure increases antimicrobial resistance and has also been associated with long-term harms, including allergies, inflammatory diseases and weight gain. We assessed antibiotic exposure in the first 2 years of life in Australian children, the factors influencing this and its ...
Triazole antifungal drug interactions—practical considerations for excellent prescribing
Russell Lewis and others
Systemic antifungal therapy is critical for reducing the mortality from many invasive and chronic fungal infections. Triazole antifungals are the most frequently prescribed antifungals but require attention to dosing and drug interactions. Nearly 600 severe drug–drug interactions and over 1100 ...
Pharmacogenetics of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity: a systematic review
D Gaafar and others
Background Aminoglycosides (AGs) are important antibiotics in the treatment of Gram-negative sepsis. However, they are associated with the risk of irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Several genetic variants have been implicated in the development of ototoxicity. Objectives To evaluate ...
Iron efflux by IetA enhances β-lactam aztreonam resistance and is linked to oxidative stress through cellular respiration in Riemerella anatipestifer
Mafeng Liu and others
Background Riemerella anatipestifer encodes an iron acquisition system, but whether it encodes the iron efflux pump and its role in antibiotic resistance are largely unknown. Objectives To screen and identify an iron efflux gene in R. anatipestifer and determine whether and how the iron efflux gene ...
Accumulibacter spp. as the origin of the OXA-198 carbapenemase gene cassette
Aymeric Jacquemin and others
Candidatus Accumulibacter is a genus belonging to Betaproteobacteria with no validated species on the the List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) website ( https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/accumulibacter ). The Candidatus Accumulibacter genus is composed of Gram-negative bacilli ...
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis of IV fosfomycin for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections
Walaiporn Wangchinda and others
Background IV fosfomycin is used against MDR Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) but has dose-limiting side effects, especially in patients with impaired kidney function. Objectives To determine the optimal dosage of IV fosfomycin for patients with varying degrees of kidney function. Methods Adult patients ...
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